Topics Covered:
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Global Migration Report 2020
What to study?
For Prelims: Key findings.
For Mains: Concerns and challenges posed by Migration and ways to address them.
Context: ‘Global Migration Report 2020’ has been released by International Organisation for Migration’s (IOM).
Key findings- India specific:
India accounts for the highest share with 17.5 million Indians living outside the country.
India is the leading recipient of remittances. International remittances in 2018 (2020 report) reached $689 billion, out of which India received $78.6 billion from the 17.5 million living abroad.
Remittances received by India have consistently increased between the 2005 and 2020.
The top migration corridors for Indians are the United Arab Emirates, the US and Saudi Arabia.
Highest number of migrants entering India come from Bangladesh.
Global scenario:
As compared to the 2000 Global Migration Report, the number of international migrants has nearly doubled in the 2020 report, from 150 million to 272 million.
India is followed by Mexico (11.8 million) and China (10.7 million).
Roughly two-thirds of international migrants are labour migrants.
The United States was the top remittance-issuer, at $68 billion, followed by the United Arab Emirates ($44.4 billion) and Saudi Arabia ($36.1 billion).
The top destinations for international migrants is the US where, as of September 2019, there were 50.7 million international migrants.
The US is followed by Germany, Saudi Arabia, Russian Federation and the UK.
The proportion of female international migrants has only marginally changed between the two reports, from 47.5% in 2000 to 47.9%.
The share of international migrants who were children has dropped from 16% in 2000 to 13.9%.
Oceania is the region with the highest proportion of international migrants.
The UAE is the country with the highest proportion of international migrants.
More than half of all international migrants (141 million) live in Europe and North America.
Reasons for migration:
- Economic conditions.
- Ongoing conflicts and violence.
- Impact of climate and weather disasters.
Sources: the Hindu.
