SECURE SYNOPSIS: 26 JUNE 2019
NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Why this question:
The article talks about the mobility sector and the transformation it is undergoing in India.
Key demand of the question:
The answer must analyse in detail the new agenda that is focusing on electric mobility in India.
Directive:
analyze – When asked to analyze, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin by explaining the statement in the question and suggest its significance.
Body:
Discussion should include the following:
- First quote facts/data related to the transport and mobility sector in India.
- Explain what is the new transformation? Why is it?
- What are the associated challenges/concerns?
- What needs to be done?
- Role of all stakeholders etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude by stating that the transformation is inevitable given the current circumstances and rising population pressure and their demands.
Introduction:
Electric vehicles (EVs) are automobiles that run on electricity only. They are propelled by one or more electric motors powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric vehicles are cleaner than petroleum-fuelled vehicles and are seen as a promising solution to global warming.
Body:
Indian government is making strong push in favour of the electric vehicles or the e-vehicles. Government is also encouraging or sometimes even forcing auto industry to shift towards the e-vehicles. While e-vehicles have their benefits over normal vehicles, the topic of e-mobility seems to be missing from the agenda of the government.
E-vehicles reduce the localized pollution and are important in the cities like Delhi, Pune, Lucknow etc. Such vehicles would also reduce the dependence on the petroleum, import of which has adverse effect on Indian economy. E-vehicles are also instrumental in reducing the emission of green-house gases and many health hazards.
Challenges facing the transition:
- Price Volatility:
- The first has to do with policy volatility. E-mobility is a nascent industry in India and most of the developing countries. Capital costs are high and the payoff is uncertain.
- Inconsistencies remain. For instance, while electric vehicles are taxed at 12% under the goods and services tax (GST), batteries were taxed at 28% until recently. This has now been lowered to 18% but the discrepancy still exists.
- Lack of policy certainty: Cannot frame in Isolation:
- The lack of policy certainty spills over into perhaps the single most important element of enabling e-vehicle usage: charging infrastructure.
- Lack of attention on building charging infrastructure.
- Local and Private Investment results in Low Cost production Technology:
- Localization is another tricky area, as the strife caused by the rupee’s depreciation has shown.
- India does not have any known reserves of lithium and cobalt, which makes it entirely dependent on imports of lithium-ion batteries from Japan and China.
- Short Driving Range and Speed
- Most of these cars have range about 50-100 miles and need to be recharged again.
- Battery Recharge Issues
- An electric car takes about 4-6 hours to get fully charged. Therefore there is a need for dedicated power stations as the time taken to recharge them is quite long.
- Silence as Disadvantage
- Silence can be a bit disadvantage as people like to hear noise if they are coming from behind them
- An electric car is however silent and can lead to accidents in some cases.
- Limited seating capacity
- They are not meant for entire family and a third person can make journey for other two passengers bit uncomfortable.
- Not Suitable for Cities Facing Shortage of Power
- Cities already facing acute power shortage are not suitable for electric cars.
- The consumption of more power would hamper their daily power needs.
- High cost
- The primary reason for the current high prices of EVs is the expensive battery
Way forward:
- For EVs to contribute effectively, we need commensurate efforts in developing an entire ecosystem.
- Need to shift the focus from subsidizing vehicles to subsidizing batteries because batteries make up 50% of EV costs.
- Increasing focus on incentivizing electric two-wheelers because two-wheelers account for 76% of the vehicles in the country and consume most of the fuel.
- A wide network of charging stations is imminent for attracting investment.
- Work places in tech parks, Public bus depots, and Multiplexes are the potential places where charging points could be installed. In Bangalore, some malls have charging points in parking
- Corporates could invest in charging stations as Corporate Social Responsibility compliances.
- Addressing technical concerns like AC versus DC charging stations, handling of peak demand, grid stability etc.
- Private investment in battery manufacturing plants and developing low cost production technology is needed.
- India is highly dependent on thermal sources, which account for about 65% of current capacity. As EV adoption increases, so should the contribution of renewables.
- Need for a policy roadmap on electric vehicles so that investments can be planned.
- Acquiring lithium fields in Bolivia, Australia, and Chile could become as important as buying oil fields as India needs raw material to make batteries for electric vehicles.
- Providing waiver of road tax and registration fees, GST refunds and free parking spaces for EVs.
Topic: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes.
Why this question:
National Workshop on Experience Sharing under Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission was held recently.
Key demand of the question:
The Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) is a unique programme, designed to deliver catalytic interventions to rural areas on the threshold of growth. Thus, one has to analyse the key features of the programme and discuss its significance.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin with the mandate of the programme.
Body:
Explain the objective of the programme, what is it meant for – National Rurban Mission (NRuM) is to stimulate local economic development, enhance basic services, and create well planned Rurban clusters.
Discuss the significance of the programme.
Conclude with way forward.
Conclusion:
Conclude with reassertion that such schemes are key drivers of growth and development.
Introduction:
Large parts of rural areas in the country are not stand-alone settlements but part of a cluster of settlements, which are relatively proximate to each other. These clusters typically illustrate potential for growth, have economic drivers and derive locational and competitive advantages. These clusters once developed can then be classified as ‘Rurban’.
Hence taking cognizance of this, Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) was launched by Government of India in 2016 to deliver integrated project based infrastructure in the rural areas, which will also include development of economic activities and skill development. The preferred mode of delivery is through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) while using various scheme funds for financing.
Body:
Salient features of Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission:
- With an outlay of Rs. 5142.08 crore, the Rurban Mission will develop clusters of smart villages which have a potential for holistic growth. These clusters will be developed by encouraging economic activities, local entrepreneurship and creation of infrastructure.
- By 2019-20, the government will set up 300 such clusters across the nation. The funding will be through different schemes of the Government converged into the cluster.
- Fourteen components have been suggested as desirable for a cluster to ensure optimum development: skill development training linked to economic activities, Agro Processing or Agri Services/Storage and Warehousing, Digital Literacy, Sanitation, etc.
- To select the clusters, the Ministry of Rural Development is using a scientific method, which involves an objective analysis of demography, economy, tourism and pilgrimage significance and transportation corridor impact. This will be done at the District, Sub-District and Village levels.
- Integrated Cluster Action Plans will be prepared by the States for Rurban Clusters. These will be detailed plan documents that will lay out the strategy for the cluster, desired results for the cluster under the mission, along with the converged resources under Central sector, schemes sponsored by Centre and State Sector, and the Critical Gap Funding (CGF) needed for the cluster.
- Along with CGF, major steps have been taken to ensure the success of the programme with proper budget provisions to support the State Government towards project development, capacity building and other institutional arrangements at the state level.
- The programme will provide an additional funding support of up to 30 per cent of the project cost per cluster as CGF as Central Share so as to enable development of Rurban clusters.
- For smooth implementation of the Mission, both State and Centre will make institutional arrangements. An Innovation budget towards facilitating research, development and capacity building has also been allotted.
- The clusters will have geographically proximity to Gram Panchayats with a population of about 25,000 to 50,000 in plain and coastal areas, and a population of 5,000 to 15,000 in desert, hilly or tribal areas.
- A separate approach of selection will be at work to select clusters in Tribal and Non-Tribal Districts.
Challenges towards Rurban mission:
- Though welcome in its conception, its implementation is wrought with contradictions.
- Though role has been given to state governments to delineate the clusters, role of PRIs has not been demarcated.
- Further poor implementation of the 73rd amendment act to achieve meaningful devolution of funds, functions and functionaries risks jeopardising any significant socio-economic growth of rural areas.
- Multiplicity of schemes in this regard in the form of SAGY, BRGF etc. can lead to delayed decision making and confusion.
- Poor agricultural performance in dwindling monsoon times need to be safeguarded and drought mitigation, smart cropping patterns and institutional support in the form of insurance are key for any scheme for rural development and this hasn’t been integrated with the SPMRM.
Conclusion:
The Rurban mission in order to be successful has to look to supplement and augment capabilities of PRIs, improve congruencies with AMRUT for deciding on administering an ever growing rural-urban fringe and promote a low carbon growth pattern for villages through use of renewables to achieve a model sustainable growth paradigm for our villages.
Topic: money-laundering and its prevention.
Why this question:
The question is to analyse the impact of globalisation on money laundering.
Demand of the question:
The answer must discuss the impact of globalization on money laundering.
Directive word:
Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction
Start with brief description of the question’s context.
Body
- One can have the following points in the answer:
- Start the answer by drawing the link between money laundering and globalization.
- Briefly explain how globalization impacts money laundering.
- Examine the recent policy efforts taken by the government.
Conclusion
Conclude with way forward.
Introduction:
Money laundering is a process where the proceeds of crime are transformed into apparently legitimate money or other assets. It is the processing of criminal proceeds to disguise its illegal origin. In simple words, it can be defined as the act of making money that comes from one source to look like it comes from another source. Money laundering is a single process however, its cycle can be broken down into three distinct stages namely, placement stage, layering stage and integration stage.
Body:
Impacts of globalization on money laundering:
- Rapid developments in financial information, technology and communication allow money to move anywhere in the world with speed and ease.
- This makes the task of combating money-laundering more urgent than ever.
- The deeper “dirty money” gets into the international banking system, the more difficult it is to identify its origin.
- Because of the clandestine nature of money-laundering, it is difficult to estimate the total amount of money that goes through the laundry cycle.
- There have been a number of developments in the international financial system during recent decades that have made the three F’s-finding, freezing and forfeiting of criminally derived income and assets-all the more difficult.
- These are the “dollarization” (i.e. the use of the United States dollar in transactions) of black markets, the general trend towards financial deregulation, the progress of the Euromarket and the proliferation of financial secrecy havens.
- Fuelled by advances in technology and communications, the financial infrastructure has developed into a perpetually operating global system in which “megabyte money” (i.e. money in the form of symbols on computer screens) can move anywhere in the world with speed and ease.
Efforts of Government of India to address money laundering:
In India, before the enactment of Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) the major statutes that incorporated measures to address the problem of money laundering were:
PMLA Act:
- It prescribes obligation of banking companies, financial institutions and intermediaries for verification and maintenance of records of the identity of all its clients and also of all transactions and for furnishing information of such transactions in prescribed form to the Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND).
- It empowers the Director of FIU-IND to impose fine on banking company, financial institution or intermediary if they or any of its officers fails to comply with the provisions of the Act as indicated above.
- PMLA envisages setting up of an Adjudicating Authority to exercise jurisdiction, power and authority conferred by it essentially to confirm attachment or order confiscation of attached properties.
The Black money (undisclosed foreign income and assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015:
- To deal with the menace of the black money existing in the form of undisclosed foreign income and assets by setting out the procedure for dealing with such income and assets.
Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Bill, 2015:
- It aims to expand the definition of Benami Transactions and specifies the penalty to be imposed on a person entering into a Benami transaction.
Institutional framework:
Enforcement directorate:
- PMLA empowers certain officers of the Directorate of Enforcement to carry out investigations in cases involving offence of money laundering and also to attach the property involved in money laundering.
Financial Intelligence Unit:
- It was established in India in 2004 as the central national agency responsible for receiving, processing, analyzing and disseminating information relating to suspect financial transactions.
- FIU-IND is also responsible for coordinating and strengthening efforts of national and international intelligence, investigation and enforcement agencies in pursuing the global efforts against money laundering and related crimes.
- FIU-IND is an independent body reporting directly to the Economic Intelligence Council (EIC) headed by the Finance Minister.
Way forward:
- Make common people more aware about the problem- The poor and illiterate people, instead of going through lengthy paper work transactions in Banks, prefer the Hawala system which needs to be stopped.
- Fulfilling the purpose of KYC Norms by doing proper KYC.
- Establishment of comprehensive enforcement agencies
- Promote cashless digital transaction
Topic: Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Why this question:
The question is straightforward on the concept of IPM.
Key demand of the question:
The answer must discuss in detail the IPM system and the hurdles/challenges involved in practicing it.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin with brief introduction on the concept of IPM.
Body:
Discussion should include the following:
What is integrated pest management system? – IPM is a managed pest management system that: eliminates or mitigates economic and health damage caused by pests; minimizes the use of pesticides and the risk to human health and the environment associated with pesticide applications.
What are some methods used in IPM? – methods used in IPM include one or a combination of the following: Cultural control (crop rotation, use of locally adapted or pest resistant/tolerant varieties, sanitation, manipulating planting/harvest dates to avoid pests)
Provide for examples.
Discuss specific challenges involved.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Introduction:
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an eco-friendly approach which aims at keeping pest population at below economic threshold levels by employing all available alternate pest control methods and techniques such as cultural, mechanical and biological with emphasis on use of bio-pesticides and pesticides of plant origin like Neem formulations.
The use of chemical pesticides is advised as a measure of last resort when pest population in the crop crosses economic threshold levels (ETL). IPM is aimed at suppression of pest population below economic threshold level through the adoption of feasible and affordable Good Agricultural Practices and causing least disturbance to the eco system and environment.
Body:
As per United Nation’s Food’ and Agriculture Organization (FAO), IPM is defined as: “The careful consideration of all available pest control technique’s and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the’ least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanism”.
Constraints involved in IPM:
- More involvement in the technicalities of the method
- Individual farmers and all those involved in IPM have to be educated about their options in the various methods available, which often take time.
- Time and energy consuming
- Application of IPM takes time and has to be closely monitored, as the practice of IPM has many different methods integrated in order to provide the most effective pest control methods.
- Different pests have different control methods, and it is necessary to monitor which methods are the best for specific pests.
- Initially complicated decision-making.
- Crop monitoring results that can be difficult to interpret.
- Lack of market rewards for IPM grown product.
- Limited market tolerance to blemishes
ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM), India was established in February, 1988 to cater to the plant protection needs of different agro-ecological zones of the country.
Conclusion:
The increasing cost of plant protection and accelerating pest incidents make agriculture a risky and less profitable enterprise. At the same time the toxic materials generated from chemical farming pollute the environment and harm consumers’ and farmers’ health. Additionally, from the viewpoint of sustainability, attaining growth while maintaining the natural capital intact, IPM is superior compared to conventional farming. It should, therefore be appreciated and encouraged to a greater extent both by governments and NGOs’.
Extra information: Case Study: integrated pest management in Cotton at Ashta village, Nanded district (Marathwada region), Maharashtra.
The general impacts of the Ashta IPM are as below:
- Conservation and enhancement in the activity of the natural enemies (predators and parasites)
- Reduction in the quantity of chemical insecticides used
- Environmental safety as evident by increase in the number of bird population in the crop.
- Compensatory yields and higher net returns
Topic: Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
Why this question:
The question is based on the concept of ‘Peri-Urban Agriculture’. One has to analyse how it would contribute in mitigating the effects of climate change.
Key demand of the question:
The answer must analyse the concept in detail and discuss its contributions in handling the climate change impact.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Describe what is ‘Peri-Urban Agriculture’.
Body:
The answer must have the following points of discussions:
Peri-urban agriculture occurs in surrounding the boundaries of cities throughout the world and includes products from crop and livestock agriculture, fisheries and forestry.
It also includes non-wood forest products, as well as ecological services provided by agriculture, fisheries and forestry. Often multiple farming and gardening systems exist in and near a single city.
Green zones around urban areas.
Reduction in phenomenon of Urban heat island.
Lower need for transportation.
Diversification of food basket.
Restrict unplanned urbanization.
Conclusion:
Conclude with urgent need for policy changes like effective legislation, long-term leases, leasing of the plots and gardens through a contract recognized by the municipality and correctly registered to promote participation by potential farmers, vegetable growers and livestock producers
Introduction:
Peri-urban agriculture is defined as agriculture undertaken in places on the fringes of urban areas. It is usually carried out in surrounding the boundaries of cities throughout the world and includes products from crop and livestock agriculture, fisheries and forestry. It also includes non-wood forest products, as well as ecological services provided by agriculture, fisheries and forestry. Often multiple farming and gardening systems exist in and near a single city.
Body:
Peri-urban agriculture and mitigation of effects of climate change:
- Green zones around urban areas: Beyond the agro-products provided, trees will help in sustaining ecosystems by acting as carbon sinks, protection of water-supply catchments for the cities, protection against landslides thus helping climate change mitigation.
- Reduction in phenomenon of Urban heat island: Due to dense population and use of concrete as building material urban heat islands with higher temperature then surrounding areas are created.
- Lower need for transportation: Due to rapid urbanization in the past years, demand for vegetables, fruits and flowers are constantly increasing in these areas. Peri-urban agriculture will reduce the burden on transport, and help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from cold storages.
- Diversification of food basket: Peri-Urban Agriculture can help in climate change adaptation through diversification of food resources for the urban population.
- Restrict unplanned urbanization: Unplanned and rapid urbanization causes environmental pollution which causes climate change. Peri-Urban Agriculture will help in creating attractive employment option and prevent the conversion of agricultural land near urban areas into cities and towns
Other merits of Peri-Urban agriculture:
- Urbanisation in India is growing and the problem of food inflation largely rises from the demand-supply gaps in urban areas.
- One way of stabilising the prices of vegetables and fruits in urban areas is to promote peri-urban horticulture by providing the necessary technical and marketing support.
- Decentralised production, as for example in Israel, could be supported by cooperative marketing.
- Urban and peri-urban ‘horticulture revolution’ could pave the way for more stable prices to the consumer
- At the same time, we should ensure that the quality of the food remains high and free of pesticide residues and other unsafe chemicals.
- Thus, we can ensure stability of supply coupled with high quality and safe food, while contributing to price stability.
- The urban population demands special foods particularly fruits and vegetables. Therefore, a peri-urban farming programme would be timely.
Conclusion:
With urbanization on the rise, the peri-urban agriculture throws a brilliant opportunity from socio-economic as well as environmental point of view. The need of the hour is policy changes like effective legislation for leasing of the plots and gardens through a contract recognized by the municipality and correctly registered to promote participation by potential farmers, vegetable growers and livestock producers.
Topic: Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
Ethics by Lexicon publications
Why this question:
The question is statement based and is about analyzing the value of compassion.
Key demand of the question:
Explain in detail the significance of compassion, and how it is essential in happiness of self and even for others.
Directive:
Analyze – When asked to analyze, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Define compassion in brief.
Body:
Explain that Compassion is a deep feeling of wishing to alleviate. the suffering of others, Compassion can serve as a fundamental basis for human values and ethics, precisely. because a central problem of ethics is suffering and well-being, use examples to suggest ho compassion is a necessary value to profess.
Conclusion:
Conclude by reasserting significance of the compassion.
Introduction:
Compassion is the willingness to relieve the suffering of another. It is the sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others. It motivates people to go out of their way to help the physical, mental, or emotional pains of another and themselves. Compassion is often regarded as having sensitivity, an emotional aspect to suffering. Qualities of compassion are patience and wisdom; kindness and perseverance; warmth and resolve.
Body:
- Compassion takes empathy and sympathy a step further. When you are compassionate, you feel the pain of another (i.e., empathy) or you recognize that the person is in pain (i.e., sympathy), and then you do your best to alleviate the person’s suffering from that situation. Thus, the emphasis here is on action and wanting to help.
- When you’re compassionate, you’re not running away from suffering, you’re not feeling overwhelmed by suffering, and you’re not pretending the suffering doesn’t exist. When you are practicing compassion, you can stay present with suffering.
- For example, has anyone ever truly listened to you as you share a problem? This person listened without trying to fix your problem, and this person wasn’t relating it back to his/her own life or emotions. He/she listened without judgment.
- Compassion and helping others gives a sense of satisfaction and fulfilment that makes the person in need and ourselves happy and satisfied.
- Compassion broadens our Perspective beyond ourselves. It helps us release Stress and Depression. People who are self focussed are more prone to distress and depression as compared to people who are open and compassionate to others.
- Compassion results in other people get attracted to ourselves. When we take interests in other’s lives and solve their problems, they are naturally attracted towards you and consider your presence essential in their lives.
Conclusion:
Compassion has a paramount importance to play in our lives. There is a golden rule attached to it- Do to others what you would have them do to you. A life with compassion is a life of meaning and purpose. Therefore the aim of life should be focussing less on satisfying ourselves and focussing more on other. This is essential for the betterment and well being of the Individual and Society as whole.
Topic: Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service , integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weakersections.
Ethics by Lexicon publications
Why this question:
The question is about discussing the values of impartiality and non-partisanship.
Key demand of the question:
Explain in detail what is impartiality, what is non -partisanship, how are the two different from each other etc.
Directive:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
Begin with brief definitions of the above values.
Body:
There is not much to deliberate, on must analyse the interrelationship between the two values and explain how Impartiality and Non-partisanship both form essential foundational values for civil services. While impartiality ensures equality without any bias and prejudices in the general, non-partisanship ensures a neutral approach in politics and a solid commitment to the government. Examples are must in such questions.
Conclusion:
Conclude by suggesting how nonpartisanship is an element of impartiality.
Introduction:
Impartiality is a principle of justice holding that decisions should be based on objective criteria, rather than on the basis of bias, prejudice, or preferring the benefit to one person over another for improper reasons. Non-partisanship is not being specifically owned or affiliated with any group, party or cause.
Body:
Differences:
- Impartiality means that civil servants in carrying out their official work, including functions like procurement, recruitment, delivery of services etc, should take decisions based on merit alone.
- Impartiality connotes that the behaviour of, and treatment by an administrator to any individual or entity has to be solely on the basis of merit.
- An administrator has to take several key decisions such as recruitment, procurement and allotment.
- For these decisions to be effective and efficient, there has to be absolute impartiality
- Impartiality is the quality of an individual where one is unbiased while distributing any goods or services among several people or selecting a person from a set of people based on certain set of qualities and skills.
- However, non partisanship implies that the administrator is to do his task without any fear of, or favour to any political party. The values of the administrator will flow from the constitution not from the ideology of any political party.
- Non-partisanship is the practice of no involvement with any political party even if the person has strong belief in any political ideology.
- Non-partisanship can be called political neutrality.
Similarities:
- Both imply tolerance and restraint, particularly in dealing with political or religious convictions.
- Both values lies at the heart of public service and is the core of the commitments of a public servant.
- Both ensure citizen-centric administration and help in realizing the political and socio-economic justice.
Conclusion:
Both impartiality and non-partisanship help civil servants to take rational and objective decisions and avoid nepotism and favouritism. The 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission and the Nolan Committee have upheld the two as foundational values for civil servants.
