SECURE SYNOPSIS: 24 MAY 2019
NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.
Topic: Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act. Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
Why this question:
The article captures the dissenting turf facing the election commission of India.
Key demands of the question:
The answer must briefly discuss how the election commission is a watch dog of democracy and not a blood hound.
Directive:
Comment– here we have to express our knowledge and understanding of the issue and form an overall opinion thereupon.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction
In a few introductory lines explain the background/context of the question.
Body
The answer must explain first the issues facing the election commission of India. Highlight the details of the controversy.
Explain how election commissioner Ashok Lavasa wrote thrice to Chief Election Commissioner Sunil Arora on the issue.
The Election Commissioner was also reminded of the current legal position that, in non-quasi-judicial matters, dissenting notes were not included in the orders.
Discuss the effects of the above on the powers and functions of the ECI and how that makes ECI only a watchdog and not a blood hound.
Conclusion
Conclude with way forward.
Introduction:
Recently, an Election Commissioner had dissented with the opinion of his colleagues in the Election Commission in five different matters pertaining to alleged violations of the Model Code of Conduct. The EC has been widely criticised for giving a series of ‘clean chits’ to the PM. This was despite some questionable remarks that appeared to solicit votes in the name of the armed forces. In this context, the Election Commission has decided by majority that dissenting opinions in Model Code of Conduct (MCC) disputes will not be made part of any final order.
Body:
Election Commission of India and its working:
- The Election Commission of India draws its authority from the Constitution itself. Under Article 324, the powers of “superintendence, direction and control of elections” are to be vested in an Election Commission.
- The CEC and ECs are appointed by the President to tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
- They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as judges of the Supreme Court of India.
- All three Election Commissioners have equal say in the decision making of the Commission
- The law requires the multi-member EC to transact business unanimously as far as possible.
Business of ECI:
- Section 10 (Disposal of business by Election Commission) of The Election Commission (Conditions of Service of Election Commissioners and Transaction of Business) Act, 1991, lays down that “all business of the EC shall, as far as possible, be transacted unanimously”.
- Dissent is, however, provided for in the Act itself, which says: “If the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners (ECs) differ in opinion on any matter, such matter shall be decided according to the opinion of the majority”.
- All opinions carry equal weight, which means the CEC can be overruled by the two ECs.
- If some difference of opinion persists even after oral deliberations and discussions, such dissent is recorded in the file.
- In normal practice, while communicating the decision of the Commission in executive matters, the majority view is conveyed to the parties concerned.
- The dissent remains recorded in the file.
- In case dissent is to be recorded in a case of judicative nature, the dissenting member may like to record a separate opinion/order.
- However, despite the existence of the provision to take decisions by majority since 1993, very rarely has dissent been recorded.
- When a matter is deliberated upon by the 3 Commissioners, they normally agree to a common course of action.
- This does not, however, mean that there is no disagreement between the Commissioners.
However, in the recent case Election Commissioner Ashok Lavasa had written thrice to the Chief Election Commissioner Sunil Arora in this regard. He had conveyed his decision to stay away from proceedings related to the MCC if the dissenting views were not incorporated in the orders. With ECI’s recent decision, the dissenting opinions will only be included in internal files, as per previous practice. People are entitled to know whether or not the poll panel’s key decisions are unanimous.
Conclusion:
The MCC is a moral code and not backed by Statute. This also reduces the power of ECI to take strict actions against wrong doings. The onus on EC to maintain a level-playing field and enforce the election code is quite high, especially when its credibility is under question. There is a need to codify the true powers of CEC and ECs and the procedure to be followed in case of extraordinary situations to keep the integrity and sanctity of ECI intact.
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
Why this question:
The article discusses in detail the issues surrounding maternal nutrition interventions in India. The article emphasizes on how Maternal nutrition is important due to its critical and complex association with women’s well-being and implications for child development.
Key demand of the question:
The answer must evaluate the bottlenecks in the delivery of nutrition to the women facing maternal malnourishment. One has to suggest solutions to address such maternal and child undernutrition prevalent and analyse the failures of the past and present mechanisms trying to address the situation.
Directive word:
Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In a few introductory lines explain what you understand by maternal nutrition.
Body:
- Body of the answer to capture the following dimensions:
- Importance of Maternal nutrition to women’s well-being and implications for child development.
- Quote facts to highlight the issue. ( from NFHS-4 etc.)
- Discuss what are the issues currently associated with nutrition intervention schemes and policies? Why are they failing? – Access to prenatal and postnatal care is limited, lack of budgets for nutrition interventions, delay in fund releases and shortage of staff and infrastructure against sanctions/norms, and qualitative evidence etc.
- Then move on to suggest an analysis as to what needs to be done? How can one overcome these challenges?
- What kind of overhaul is required etc.
Conclusion:
Conclude with what should be the way forward.
Introduction:
The term “maternal nutrition” focuses attention on women as mothers, on their nutritional status as it relates to the bearing and nurturing of children. At the same time, women also play vital, if often unacknowledged, roles in their families, communities, and societies. However, the poor nutritional status of many women in India today compromises their capacity to meet the vigorous demands of their multiple roles as mothers and productive workers
Body:
Bottlenecks in the delivery of nutrition interventions to pregnant women in India:
- Poverty and food insecurity: According to Multi Dimension Poverty Index (MPI) 2018 of UNDP, 364 million Indians continue to experience acute deprivations in various social indicators. Over one in four multi-dimensionally poor in India are under ten years of age.
- Poor access to health services: According to a The Lancet study (2016) India ranks 145th among 195 countries in terms of quality and accessibility of healthcare, behind its neighbours like China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan.
- Lack of education and information: As per Annual State of Education Report 2017, India’s 125 million children between 14 and 18 years of age are ill-equipped to read, write or even do basic arithmetic. It stated that the gender divide in cognition levels worsens with rise in age, as girls are often compelled to drop school for a variety of reasons.
- Poor sanitation and lack of availability of fresh drinking water: According to Niti Aayog’s Composite Water Management Index 2018, 600 million people face high-to-extreme water stress; 75 per cent of the households do not have drinking water; and 84 per cent do not have piped water access; and 70 per cent of our water is contaminated. When water is available, it is likely to be contaminated, resulting in nearly 2, 00, 000 deaths each year.
- Climate change and environmental degradation: According to Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report-5 2014, in India, the estimated countrywide agricultural loss in 2030 is over $7 billion due to climate change. It will severely affect the income of 10 per cent of the population. Agriculture, the mainstay of the Indian economy, will see dramatic changes in yields, affecting people’s right to food security.
- Social ills like early child marriage and forced labour: According to the latest figures of UNICEF India, 27% per cent marriages in India in 2016 were child marriages. Child marriage affects society as a whole since child marriage reinforces a cycle of poverty and perpetuates gender discrimination, illiteracy and malnutrition as well as high infant and maternal mortality rates.
- Poor breastfeeding: According to a report (2017) by UNICEF and WHO in collaboration with the Global Breastfeeding Collective, India is among the world’s five largest emerging economies where investment in breastfeeding is significantly low resulting in an annual loss of $14 billion due to child deaths and cognitive losses from poor breastfeeding practices.
- Economic and financial disability of women: Despite economic and educational growth, female participation in the labour force of India has fallen to 24% in 2011, from 31% in 2004. India is 11th from the bottom in the world in women’s labour-force participation rates
- Increase in inequality: India ranked 147 out of 157 countries in terms of its commitment to reducing inequality according to Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index developed by Oxfam and Development Finance International.
Government initiatives:
- Accessibility and Affordability of Food: National Food Security Act 2013, Mid-Day Meals and supplementary nutrition under Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS).
- Water and Sanitation: National Rural Drinking Water Programme and Swachh Bharat Mission.
- Maternity Benefits: Compensate wage loss during pregnancy-Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana.
- Full immunization: Mission Indradhanush and roll out of Rotavirus and Pneumococcal vaccines.
- Initiation of Early Breastfeeding- MAA National Breastfeeding Programme.
- Delaying the age of marriage and ensuring gap between pregnancies-Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and National Health Mission IEC.
- Weekly Iron Folic Acid (IFA) Supplementation
Measures needed:
- ICDS System Strengthening: There should be a mechanism for growth monitoring which would include, early registration and weight monitoring, monthly weight monitoring, quarterly height/length monitoring.
- Improved Service Delivery: Will include convergence of services such as Immunisation, institutional delivery, drinking water and sanitation and efficient service deliver.
- Use of information technology (ITC): use of ICT interventions for addressing under nutrition includes
- Real time monitoring-Population, target groups etc.
- Nutrition Mapping
- Data Analysis-Connecting Gaps.
- Infant and young child feeding promotions (IYCF): This will include
- Behaviour change
- Multi-media creatives: Exclusive breastfeeding, Early initiation of breastfeeding and complementary feeding
- Proper implementation of National Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyan).
- Diversified food: Diversifying the diet which should include required amount of nutrients is a better way to contain under-nutrition at the base.
- An inclusive and holistic approach: including controlling/regulating food price, strengthening the public distribution system (PDS) and income support policies for making food cheaper are important steps.
- In order to improve their income and food situation, it is therefore crucial that women obtain access to resources, that is, to credit, land, and agricultural means of production.
- Gender equality is one of the means to improve the income thereby diverse food basket of the people. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that if women farmers had the same resources as men, it would have led to 150 million fewer hungry people.
Conclusion:
The health service delivery system is at the core of maternal nutrition interventions; strengthening them will go a long way in improving the health of women in India.
Topic: Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Why this question:
The article highlights the urgent need the to address Intellectual Property (IP) concerns. Over the past year, India took steps to address intellectual property challenges and promote IP protection and enforcement. However, many of the actions have not yet translated into concrete benefits for innovators and creators, and long-standing deficiencies persist. India remains one of the world’s most challenging major economies with respect to protection and enforcement of IP.
Key demand of the question:
The answer must discuss in detail the salient features of the current IPR policy of India and what are the challenges it faces and what measures are required to take it further.
Directive word:
Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidences. You have to appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming a personal opinion here.
Structure of the answer
Introduction:
write a few introductory lines on the importance of a robust IPR policy.
Body:
- Answer should have the following dimensions covered:
- Discuss what is an IPR policy? What are the salient features of India’s IPR regime?
- Explain the specific issues associated, Why India is lagging behind?
- What needs to be done?
- Way forward.
Conclusion –
Conclude with significance and what should be the way forward.
Introduction:
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are legal rights, which result from intellectual invention, innovation and discovery in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. These rights entitle an individual or group to the moral and economic rights of creators in their creation. The National IPR Policy (2016) is a vision document that aims to create and exploit synergies between all forms of intellectual property (IP), concerned statutes and agencies. It sets in place an institutional mechanism for implementation, monitoring and review. It aims to incorporate and adapt global best practices to the Indian scenario.
Body:
Seven objectives of IPR Policy:
- IPR Awareness: To create public awareness about the economic, social and cultural benefits of IPRs among all sections of society.
- Generation of IPRs: To stimulate the generation of IPRs.
- Legal and Legislative Framework: To have strong and effective IPR laws, which balance the interests of rights owners with larger public interest.
- Administration and Management: To modernize and strengthen service-oriented IPR administration.
- Commercialization of IPRs: Get value for IPRs through commercialization.
- Enforcement and Adjudication: To strengthen the enforcement and adjudicatory mechanisms for combating IPR infringements.
- Human Capital Development: To strengthen and expand human resources, institutions and capacities for teaching, training, research and skill building in IPRs.
Important highlights of National Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Policy
- The Policy aims to push IPRs as a marketable financial asset, promote innovation and entrepreneurship, while protecting public interest.
- In order to have strong and effective IPR laws, steps would be taken — including review of existing IP laws — to update and improve them or to remove anomalies and inconsistencies.
- The policy is entirely compliant with the WTO’s agreement on TRIPS.
- Special thrust on awareness generation and effective enforcement of IPRs, besides encouragement of IP commercialisation through various incentives.
- India will engage constructively in the negotiation of international treaties and agreements in consultation with stakeholde
- The government will examine accession to some multilateral treaties which are in India’s interest, and become a signatory to those treaties which India has de facto implemented to enable it to participate in their decision making process, the policy said.
- It suggests making the department of industrial policy and promotion (DIPP) the nodal agency for all IPR issues. Copyrights related issues will also come under DIPP’s ambit from that of the Human Resource Development (HRD) Ministry.
- Films, music, industrial drawings will be all covered by copyright.
- The Policy also seeks to facilitate domestic IPR filings, for the entire value chain from IPR generation to commercialization. It aims to promote research and development through tax benefits.
Issues with the current policy:
- Policy is aimed at a gold rush towards IPR. A blind rush towards IP could be a deterrent to innovation itself by restricting knowledge flow.
- Policy recommends scientist and professors to convert all their discoveries into IP which inturn has the potential to curb the free flow of knowledge
- IPR policy is driven by the agenda of IP maximalism, where IP owners’ rights will be maximised at the cost of public interest. This (policy) will influence courts and judges who might consider rights of patentees above that on common man in certain cases.
- Connection between patenting and application of patented knowledge is yet to be established. Hence, patenting and not applying the new invention could deter progress
- Policy recommends criminalization of unauthorised copying of movies – which is just a civil wrong.
- Not understanding the modes of creativity and sharing in “shadow economy “, the policy leans towards superimposition of formal IP framework.
- While IP could accelerate innovation in certain technologies it in turn impedes in others. Policy recommends scientist and professors to convert all their discoveries
- According to USTR, Patent applicants face costly and time-consuming patent opposition hurdles, long timelines for receiving patents, and excessive reporting requirements
Measures needed:
- Fostering an environment where innovation flourishes and a knowledge economy is built, is the key idea. Hence, the policy should have a balance.
- It should encourage patenting and at the same time ensure that patentability of a product/process does not deter further innovation and progress.
- Intellectual Property must not be about patents on paper but dearth of application in reality. T
- The organisations such as CSIR and others must be encouraged to work upon socially useful applications of their patents.
- Support for innovation has to be accompanied with instruments that guard local companies against the misuse of market power, coercive bargaining and aggressive acquisition strategies.
- India needs to spread awareness on IPR in public and for its traditional industries to enable fair monetisation of IP Rights.
- It needs to safeguard its patents, copyrights and traditional knowledge by ensuring easy IPR rules.
Topic : Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
Why this question:
The article discusses in detail the application and role played by the robotics in the upbringing of Agri sector in India. The paper discusses in detail scope of robotics and mechanization it brings to Agriculture in India.
Key demand of the question:
Answer must discuss the role of robotics and prospect of it in Indian agriculture and mechanization and automation of the same.
Directive:
Explain – Clarify the topic by giving a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the particular context. You must be defining key terms where ever appropriate, and substantiate with relevant associated facts.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In a few introductory lines highlight the context of the question.
Body:
In brief discuss the following aspects:
- Current scenario of agriculture in India in comparison with other countries that have developed agriculture systems like US, Iran etc.
- Discuss how robotics can be applied to agrarian systems? What benefits it has and can bring?
- Explain the specific case of India.
- Discuss the scope and benefits in detail.
- Explain the challenges involved.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Introduction:
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural depositions, manufacture and application of robots. Today Robotics is the rapidly growing field and it is continue in research, design, and build new robots that serve various practical purposes. As it has taken drive in various fields is there any possibility that robot can be introduced in the farming.
Body:
The most popular applications of Robots in agriculture appear to fall into four major categories:
- Crop and Soil Monitoring: Companies are leveraging sensors and various IoT-based technologies to monitor crop and soil health.
- Predictive Agricultural Analytics: Various AI and machine learning tools are being used to predict the optimal time to sow seeds, get alerts on risks from pest attacks, and more.
- Supply Chain Efficiencies: Companies are using real-time data analytics on data-streams coming from multiple sources to build an efficient and smart supply chain.
- Agricultural Robots: Companies are developing and programming autonomous robots to handle essential agricultural tasks such as harvesting crops at a higher volume and faster pace than human labourers.
Some examples of Agricultural Robots:
- Green seeker sensor: This smart machine reads a plant’s needs and then applies precisely the amount of fertilizer of herbicides needed. Green Seeker is a machine which uses the sensors to let the plant tell us that what it needs.
- Robot drone tractors: A new generation of robot drones is revolutionizing the way we farm, with manufacturing of different robots, e. announcing the first ever robot drone tractor becomes part of the agricultural mainstream. Robot will decide where to plant, when to harvest and how to choose the best route for crisscrossing the farmland.
- Flying Robots To Spread Fertilizer: A flying robot monitors the growing condition of the crops over farmlands in Ili, a Kazak autonomous prefecture in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous With camera equipment and an automatic fertilizing system in the front, the robot can fly autonomously and apply fertilizer independently.
- Fruit Picking Robots: The research is still in full progress, especially as the robots need to be carefully designed so that they do not bruise the fruit while picking. One solution is the use of suction grippers, used on automated fruit picking machines manufactured, for example, by
- Robot Cattle Grazing and Automatic Milking: Is the milking of dairy animals, especially of dairy cattle, without human labour. Automatic milking systems (AMS), also called voluntary milking systems (VMS), were developed in the late 20th century. They are commercially available since the early 1990s.
Scope of farm robots in India:
- Our farm equipment companies and researchers have developed a lot of small and heavy farm equipment for traditional farming needs but some kind of robotic and pneumatic mechanism are required in precision
- If the robots are being used for weed control, that will help to reduce the herbicides usage and the produces will turn into an organic, the same way robots can be used for transplanting the seedlings to avoid intensive
- A few impressive innovative technologies by rural inventors e. electric motors can be operated remotely by cell phones, it’s very helpful to farmers in summer time since the power supply is irregular.
- Advanced intelligent machines in farming, Sensors or readers and hand held PDAs are going to be great helpful in computation and accuracy in
- There are lot of hurdles taken in the agriculture sector in all countries but specially in
- Farmers are decreasing in India. Many are leaving the farming profession by telling some repeated common sentences that it is no longer profitable and none want to get losses and it is becoming risky day by day.
- The disadvantages make the youngsters also disinterested in that.
Conclusion:
Robotics will definitely bring the agriculture revolution. Although the road ahead is not very smooth. We have to calculate the feasibility, sustainability and efficiency meeting the world’s food needs. However, it would be interesting to see how the farmers, agri-businessmen and the consumers will utilize the power of Robotics and digital-mechanization to shape the future of this industry.
Topic: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Why this question:
The question is to debate the current alarming conditions of forest cover in India.
Demand of the question:
The answer must explain the current conditions of the forest cover, reasons that have lead to the decline and suggestions as to what should be the way forward to tackle the alarming issue.
Directive:
Critically analyze – When asked to analyze, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgement.
Structure of the answer:
The answer to the question must have the following parts:
- Quote the report and facts of it – World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s forest cover stands at 21% against global standard of 33.3%.
- Discuss what are the reasons causing the decline in the forest cover?
- What are its consequences?
- What needs to be done to overcome the alarming issue?
Conclusion:
Conclude with what should be the way ahead.
Introduction:
Forests are among the first casualties as human populations explode. It is estimated that between 1950 and 1980, around 50 lakh hectares of forestland was diverted for non-forestry activities and India is unable to reach the national goal of 33 per cent. Yet forestlands continue to be diverted for non-forestry purposes in an ad hoc manner. In the light of the contemporary challenges like climate change, human-wildlife conflict, intensifying water crisis, increasing air and water pollution and deteriorating environment, urgent action is required to conserve and grow the forest cover.
Body:
The Global Forest Watch (GFW) released by World Resources Institute (WRI) reveals that India has lost over 1.6 million hectare of tree cover between 2001 and 2018, about four times the geographical area of Goa.
Findings of the report:
- In India, five north-eastern states — Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Manipur — were responsible for over 50% of all tree cover loss in the same period.
- The main reason for loss of tree cover in the north-eastern states is diversion of forest land and climate change.
- The loss of tree cover contributed to 172 MT of carbon emissions in India during this period.
- The analysis reveals the total tree cover which used to be 12% of the country’s geographical area in 2000 reduced to 8.9% in 2010.
Challenges leading to alarming situation of declining forest cover:
- There have been instances of private players displacing tribal communities from the forests and cutting don forests for industries.
- The ecosystem services performed by plantations that have a lot of trees grown for commercial purposes cannot be equated with those of an undisturbed assemblage of plants, trees and animals.
- A flawed definition of “forest cover” allows the government to claim growth in total forest cover despite large-scale deforestation.
- India’s forest cover could actually be masking massive deforestation as the areas that have turned green are not necessarily natural forests, but plantations
- Environmental economists have come to regard the calculation of national accounts of wealth and development as weak, because governments do not add the benefits of functions such as flood control and climate moderation to the value of forests.
- Rotational felling of trees by forest departments, diversion of forest lands for developmental activities, submergence of forest cover, agriculture expansion, biotic pressures and natural disasters as other reasons for the decrease in the forest cover.
- There have been instances of violation of forest right act, even the CAMPA act, land acquisition rules and regulations.
- The latest draft forest policy overlooks the ecological and social implications of carbon and production forestry and the need for decentralised democracy.
Measures needed:
- India must review the programmes that it has been pursuing to revive forests, and move away from monoculture plantations that are favoured by even forest development corporations in many States.
- Scientific reforms to bring true nature back are needed.
- The latest assessment categorises more than 300,000 sq km of area as open forests with a tree canopy of 10-40%. These lands provide the opportunity to bring back diverse, indigenous trees.
- Such a measure, combined with a policy against allowing open cast mining, can bring about a renaissance.
- Dedicated efforts will be required to protect the precious forests of the Northeast.
- The forest policy must be prepared by involving the stakeholders viz. people along with the state.
- Community-led initiatives have successfully regenerated forests by adopting sustainable- use practices, regeneration through traditional knowledge of forests and species, guarding and penalizing poachers, among others. These must be promoted.
- Innovative solutions like Tree Ambulance in Tamil Nadu must be emulated across the country.
- Identify and reduce the dependency. For instance fuel wood via LPG connections and promoting fast growing timbers in forest fringes, Grazing via stall feeding or rotational grazing, controlling commercial exploitation of forests, adopt zero-tolerance to fires setting targets to reduce fires by 50%, 25% to 10% etc.
- Increase surveillance and setup legal cell in forest department to follow-up on court cases
Conclusion:
India’s diverse forests support the livelihoods of 250 million people, providing them firewood, fodder, bamboo, beedi leaves and many other products. The timber currently benefits the state treasury. There is a need of revamping India’s forest policy.
Topic: Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
Ethics by Lexicon publications
Why this question:
The question is from the static portions of the syllabus. It is about discussing the role played by reformers and administrators who have set themselves in the society as role models by upholding true ethos and values in the society.
Key demand of the question:
The answer must discuss the contributions made by reformers and administrators in the society to the society and how their values stand tall as role model to others and inspire others in taking them forward.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In a few introductory lines suggest importance of such reformers and administrators to the good and well-being of the society.
Body:
The answer is direct in approach, one has to highlight the significance of reformers and good administrators, role played by the them in the society.
Discuss in detail what makes them different; their values, moral and ethics and how they play a crucial role in the society.
Quote examples of famous administrators and reformers from the history to the contemporary times, highlight their contributions and substantiate your answer.
Conclusion:
Conclude with importance of such contributors to the society.
Introduction:
Values can be defined as those things that are considered ‘important‘by an individual, society or an organization. Examples include courage, honesty, freedom, innovation etc. History of India and the world has shown us many reformers and administrators who are role models for the society and their lives are repository of values which guide us in the ethical path.
Body:
Here, you can divide the answer under heads and give your own examples and solutions to it. Few egs are added here
Reformers:
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Periyar E.V Ramaswamy Naicker, Martin Luther King Jr., Kailash Sathyarthi, Wilson Bezawada etc.
The values that their lives teach us include courage, goal-oriented, inclusiveness, altruism, compassion, secularism, self-determination, social equality, equality of the human race, women empowerment, scientific thinking etc.
You can also add how they have influenced or inspired your life.
Administrators:
- Sreedharan, VP Menon, M S Swaminathan, Verghese Kurien, Palme Armstrong, Sathish Dhawan,
Values: punctuality, self-belief, integrity, high-quality standards, dreaming big, entrepreneurship, policy making, innovation, honesty, people-first,
Topic: case study based on ethics.
Ethics by Lexicon Publications
Why this question:
The question is to bring out the unethical practices in the society that are prevalent even today.
Key demand of the question:
The answer should bring out two specific examples from day to day life highlighting the presence of unethical practices and then suggest solutions to overcome such situations.
Structure of the answer:
Introduction:
In a few introductory lines state what are ethical and unethical practices. How do they impact a society.
Body:
The answer to such questions can be put across in many ways, students must quote two unethical practices prevalent or commonly seen in today’s societies – it can vary from corruption scandals, nepotism, bribery, corruption in medicine, fraudulent policies etc.
Also, one must suggest solutions to overcome such unethical practices.
Conclusion:
Conclude with way forward.
Introduction:
Unethical practices are those which are contrary to our own moral principles as well as the principles admired in the community one lives in. It is an action that falls outside of what is considered morally right or proper for a person, a profession or an industry. Individuals can behave unethically, as can businesses, professionals and politicians.
Body:
Moral principles such as fairness, honesty, dignity, and concern for individual rights are of profound importance.
Here, you can divide the answer under heads and give your own examples and solutions to it. Few egs are added here
Unethical practices among Individuals:
Treating male and female child differently. Practice of untouchability, female genital mutilation etc.
Unethical practices among Businesses:
The case of Volkswagen hiding the emission test results.
Unethical practices by Professionals:
Doping by athletes to improve performance.
Unethical practices among Politicians and the Government:
Snooping on individuals telephone calls.
Conclusion:
To be unethical in one’s behavior and practices means that one is betraying one’s inner character and eventually experiencing a diminished faith in oneself. Education and Sensitization of the moral values will help individuals to avoid the unethical practices.
