Insights Static Quiz -307, 2019–Polity

Solution: c)

• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes(NCST) is a constitutional body established through Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.

NCST was established by amending Article 338 and inserting a new Article 338A in the Constitution through the Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.

By this amendment, the erstwhile National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was replaced by two separate Commissions namely- (i) the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), and (ii) the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST).

• The commission submits its report to the President annually on the working of safeguards and measures required for effective implementation of Programmers/ Schemes relating to welfare and
• socio-economic development of STs.
• The Union and every State Government shall consult the Commission on all major policy matters affecting Scheduled Tribes.

Solution: d)

The criteria followed for determination of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are as under:

1. A pre-agriculture level of technology;
2. A stagnant or declining population;
3.   Extremely low literacy; and
4. A subsistence level of economy.

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is implementing a scheme namely “Development of PVTGs” which covers the PVTGs among Scheduled Tribes in 18 States/ UT of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.  It is a flexible scheme and covers funding for activities like housing, land distribution, land development, agricultural development, animal husbandry, construction of link roads, installation of non-conventional sources of energy for lighting purpose, social security including Janshree Beema Yojana or any other innovative activity meant for the comprehensive socio-economic development of PVTGs.  Priority is also assigned to PVTGs under the schemes of Special Central Assistance (SCA) to Tribal Sub-Scheme(TSS), Grants under Article 275(1) of the Constitution, Grants-in-aid to Voluntary Organisations working for the welfare of Schedule Tribes and Strengthening of Education among ST Girls in Low Literacy Districts.

Source

Solution: b)

In 1986, Rajiv Gandhi government appointed a committee to prepare a concept paper on ‘Revitalisation of Panchayati Raj Institutions for Democracy and Development’ under the chairmanship of L M Singhvi.

Solution: d)

Article 20(2) says that no person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once. This is called Doctrine of Double Jeopardy.

The objective of this article is to avoid harassment, which must be caused for successive criminal proceedings, where the person has committed only one crime.

Constitution bars double punishment for the same offence. The conviction for such offence does not bar for subsequent trial and conviction for another offence and it does not matter the some ingredients of these two offences are common.

A partial protection against double jeopardy is a Fundamental Right guaranteed under Article 20 (2) of the Constitution of India, which states “No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once”.

The Supreme Court of India has ruled that the bar of double jeopardy does not arise if an accused was discharged of a criminal offence, even before the commencement of trial, on the basis of an invalid sanction for prosecution.

Solution: c)

Statement 1: Acts like Maternity Benefit Act or its recent amendment have been enacted in the spirit of the DPSP (Article 42).

Statement 2: These are socialist principles which draw their moorings from the history of economic

thought in India. India upholds an economic system based on the principles of equity, fairness and

justice, and therefore, such rights (provisions) are crucial to ensure labour welfare.