Insights Static Quiz -271, 2019–History

Solution: b)

The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant but short phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lasted from 1920 to February 1922.

September 1920 At a special session in Calcutta, the Congress approved a non-cooperation programme till the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs were removed and swaraj was established. The programme was to include—

• boycott of government schools and colleges;
• boycott of law courts and dispensation of justice through panchayats instead;
• boycott of legislative councils;
• boycott of foreign cloth and use of khadi instead; also practice of hand-spinning to be done;
• renunciation of government honours and titles

December 1920 At the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress— The programme of non-cooperation was endorsed.

The non-cooperation movement was withdrawn because of the Chauri Chaura incident.

Solution: a)

National Planning Committee was setup in the Haripura session in 1938 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru.

Solution: b)

The movement was confined to the Northern and Central India. The revolt was patronised by Mughal king Bahadur Shah Zafar. Immediately after the revolt, to curb such tendencies later on, the British government enacted the Government of India Act, 1858.

Solution: c)

In March 1942, a mission headed by Stafford Cripps was sent to India with constitutional proposals to seek Indian support for the war.

The main proposals of the mission were as follows.

1. An Indian Union with a dominion status would be set up; it would be free to decide its relations with the Commonwealth and free to participate in the United Nations and other international bodies.
2. After the end of the war, a constituent assembly would be convened to frame a new constitution. Members of this assembly would be partly elected by the provincial assemblies through proportional representation and partly nominated by the princes.
3. The British government would accept the new constitution subject to two conditions: (i) any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution and form a separate Union, and (ii) the new constitution making body and the British government would negotiate a

treaty to effect the transfer of power and to safeguard racial and religious minorities.

4. In the meantime, defence of India would remain in British hands and the governor-general’s powers would remain intact.

Solution: d)

In 1854, the Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor-General in India. Issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the Company, it has come to be known as Wood’s Despatch. Outlining the educational policy that was to be followed in India, it emphasised once again the practical benefits of a system of European learning, as opposed to Oriental knowledge. (Statement 1)

One of the practical uses the Despatch pointed to was economic. European learning, it said, would enable Indians to recognise the advantages that flow from the expansion of trade and commerce, and make them see the importance of developing the resources of the country.

Wood’s Despatch also argued that European learning would improve the moral character of Indians. It would make them truthful and honest, and thus supply the Company with civil servants who could be trusted and depended upon.

The literature of the East was not only full of grave errors, it could also not instil in people a sense of duty and a commitment to work, nor could it develop the skills required for administration. (Statement 2).