PRELIMS BOOSTER 2018: Capped langur and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Alliance)

PRELIMS BOOSTER 2018

Capped langur and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Alliance)

Capped langur

1. Vulnerable – IUCN
2. Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act
3. Appendix I in CITES
4. primate in the family Cercopithecidae

5. Habitat

• subtropical or tropical dry forests.
• Range : found in Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, China, India, and Myanmar

6. Threats

• human alteration of habitat — jhum cultivation, plant monoculture, timber and firewood harvests, and other development, resulting in a loss of fruiting and lodging trees.
• trade for their meat and other body parts, and as pets 

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Alliance)

1. intergovernmental military alliance
2. Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949
3. Headquarters — Brussels, Belgium
4. headquarters of Allied Command Operations — Mons, Belgium.
5. It constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party

6. Members — 28 countries bordering the North Atlantic Ocean

• It includes Canada, the United States, Turkey and most members of the European Union

7. Objectives

• political – NATO promotes democratic values and enables members to consult and cooperate on defence and security-related issues to solve problems, build trust and, in the long run, prevent conflict.
• military – NATO is committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes. If diplomatic efforts fail, it has the military power to undertake crisis-management operations. These are carried out under the collective defence clause of NATO’s founding treaty – Article 5 of the Washington Treaty or under a United Nations mandate, alone or in cooperation with other countries and international organisations.