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PRELIMS BOOSTER 2018: Green sea turtle (green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle) and UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

PRELIMS BOOSTER 2018

Green sea turtle (green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle) and UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Green sea turtle (green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle)

  1. endangered — IUCN
  2. only species in the genus Chelonia
  3. name — green fat found beneath its carapace

 

  1. Habitat

They lay eggs on beaches. Mature turtles spend most of their time in shallow, coastal waters with lush seagrass beds. Adults frequent inshore bays, lagoons and shoals with lush seagrass meadows

 

  1. Range

tropical and subtropical seas around the world, with two distinct populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but it is also found in the Indian Ocean

 

  1. Threats
  • turtles and their eggs are hunted for food
  • Marine pollution
  • bycatch in marine fisherie
  • habitat loss — due to real estate development

UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

  1. one of the six main organs of the United Nations established by the UN Charterin 1946
  2. principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as for implementation of the internationally agreed development goals
  3. number of non-governmental organisations have been granted consultative status to the Council to participate in the work of the United Nations

 

  1. Objectives
  • promoting higher standards of living, full employment, and economic and social progress
  • identifying solutions to international economic, social and health problems
  • facilitating international cultural and educational cooperation
  • Encouraging universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms

 

  1. Members
  • 54 member states
  • elected by the United Nations General Assembly
  • for overlapping three-year terms
  • Seats are based on geographical representation

 

  1. President
  • elected for a one-year term
  • chosen among the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC

 

  1. ECOSOC Bureau

The Bureau of ECOSOC includes one Government from each of five world regions – Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, East Europe, and West Europe and the other developed countries. Each year, a representative from a different region is chosen to head the Council as its President

 

  1. Programmes under ECOSOC
  2. Youth Forum
  • held annually since 2012
  • brings the voice of youth into the discussion of the Millennium development Goals and post-2015 development agenda
  1. High-Level Political Forum (HLPF)
  • provides political leadership, guidance and recommendations for sustainable development, follow-up and review progress in the implementation of sustainable development commitments
  1. Annual Ministerial Review (AMR)
  • held annually since 2007
  • assesses progress in the implementation of the United Nations development agenda
  1. Development Cooperation Forum (DCF)
  • held on a biannual basis since 2007
  • reviews trends and progress in development cooperation on a biannual basis

 

  1. Regional commissions
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
  • United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
  • United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)