PRELIMS 2017 REVISION TEST 26

Solution: d

The Belt and Road is a Chinese foreign policy initiative promoted by president Xi Jinping in 2013. One belt refers to what was historically called the Silk Road, stretching from China through Central Asia. It is referred as ‘Silk road economic belt’.

One Road refers to a “maritime road” which is to connect the South-East Asia with the Middle East, Europe and the east coast of Africa. It is referred as ‘21^st Century Maritime Silk Road’

Solution: a

It will counter Chinese presence in the Arabian Sea at Pakistan’s Gwadar port

Jiwani is Pakistan’s Naval Base and not a Port.

Chabahar Port is a seaport in Chabahar located in southeastern Iran, on the Gulf of Oman.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabahar_Port#Iran-India_partnership

Solution: a

Children & kids above 1 year of age can apply for AADHAAR card. Kids’ biometrics data, such as finger prints, keep changing frequently upto 5 years of age. Therefore, no biometric data will be collected for kids below 5 years’ age. For children below 5 years’ age, the AADHAAR card will be linked to their guardian / parents. When the child turns 5 years’ age, his/her biometric data will be collected and linked to his/her AADHAAR card.

AADHAAR card is available free of cost to all citizen and residents of India, including NRIs and resident foreign nationals, regardless of their citizenship. The procedure and document requirements for NRIs and Foreigners are same, as for any other resident of India. If any NRI or a Foreigner wish to apply for the AADHAAR card, they have to be physically present at any of the AADHAAR card center in India.

Solution: b

‘Supercritical’ is a thermodynamic expression describing the state of a substance where there is no clear distinction between liquid and gaseous phase.

Solution: a

You will now need your Aadhaar card for filing your income tax returns. It will also be mandatory to link your Aadhaar card to your PAN card, or the latter will become invalid.

The Finance Bill, 2017 also brings down the threshold limit of cash payments from Rs 3 lakhs to Rs 2 lakhs.

Solution: a)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 2

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles (nmi) from its coast. In colloquial usage, the term may include the continental shelf. The term does not include either the territorial sea or the continental shelf beyond the 200 nmi limit. The difference between the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone is that the first confers full sovereignty over the waters, whereas the second is merely a “sovereign right” which refers to the coastal state’s rights below the surface of the sea.

Regarding statement 2, unless agreed upon by international community (through treaties, conventions and agreements), no country can exploit resources beyond EEZ of its own or other countries’ waters.

Solution: d)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 3

The issues addressed included:

• systematic scrutiny of patterns of production — particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals
• alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which delegates linked to global climate change
• new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions, congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smoke
• the growing usage and limited supply of water

Solution: c)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 4

Both statements are true. Please read below article (it’s short)

http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/104/06/0687.pdf

Solution: a)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 5

Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered is a collection of essays by British economist E. F. Schumacher. The phrase “Small Is Beautiful” came from a phrase by his teacher Leopold Kohr. It is often used to champion small, appropriate technologies that are believed to empower people more, in contrast with phrases such as “bigger is better”.

First published in 1973, Small Is Beautiful brought Schumacher’s critiques of Western economics to a wider audience during the 1973 energy crisis and emergence of globalization. The Times Literary Supplement ranked Small Is Beautiful among the 100 most influential books published since World War II

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/nov/10/small-is-beautiful-economic-idea

Solution: d)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 7

All 3 are correct. There are many more ways to stabilize sand dunes. It’s done pretty seriously in the US.

http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/swc/shoreline/pages/duneprotection.aspx

Solution: c)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 8

They are found in Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri river deltas.

Second statement is also correct.

Solution: b)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 8

Pores (the spaces that exist between soil particles) provide for the passage and/or retention of gasses and moisture within the soil profile. The soil’s ability to retain water is strongly related to particle size; water molecules hold more tightly to the fine particles of a clay soil than to coarser particles of a sandy soil, so clays generally retain more water.Conversely, sands provide easier passage or transmission of water through the profile. Clay type, organic content, and soil structure also influence soil water retention.

If you want to read more about black soil: https://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/soil_management/CONTENTS/Management%20of%20black.htm

Solution: d)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 10

The process of “humification” can occur naturally in soil, or in the production of compost. Organic matter is degraded into humus by a combination of mycorrhizal fungi,bacteria, microbes and animals such as earthworms, nematodes, protozoa and various arthropods.The importance of chemically stable humus is thought by some to be the fertility it provides to soils in both a physical and chemical sense, though some agricultural experts put a greater focus on other features of it, such as its ability to suppress disease. It helps the soil retain moisture by increasing microporosity, and encourages the formation of good soil structure. The incorporation of oxygen into large organic molecular assemblages generates many active, negatively charged sites that bind to positively charged ions (cations) of plant nutrients, making them more available to the plant by way of ion exchange. Humus allows soil organisms to feed and reproduce, and is often described as the “life-force” of the soil.

Plant remains (including those that passed through an animal gut and were excreted as faeces) contain organic compounds: sugars, starches, proteins, carbohydrates, lignins, waxes, resins, and organic acids. The process of organic matter decay in the soil begins with the decomposition of sugars and starches from carbohydrates, which break down easily as detritivores initially invade the dead plant organs, while the remaining cellulose and lignin break down more slowly. Simple proteins, organic acids, starches and sugars break down rapidly, while crude proteins, fats, waxes and resins remain relatively unchanged for longer periods of time. Lignin, which is quickly transformed by white-rot fungi is one of the main precursors of humus, together with by-products of microbial and animal activity. The end-product of this process, the humus, is thus a mixture of compounds and complex life chemicals of plant, animal, or microbial origin that has many functions and benefits in the soil. Earthworm humus (vermicompost) is considered by some to be the best organic manure

Solution: a)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 36

The western temperate cyclones are nothing but western disturbances which help winter crops in northern parts of India.

A Western Disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent.It is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the westerlies. The moisture in these storms usually originates over the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Extratropical storms are a global phenomena with moisture usually carried in the upper atmosphere, unlike their tropical counterparts where the moisture is carried in the lower atmosphere. In the case of the subcontinent, moisture is sometimes shed as rain when the storm system encounters the Himalayas.

Solution: d)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 40

Answer is groundnut.

India is the second largest producer of groundnuts in the world.

Solution: d)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 45

All the above factors influence cropping pattern.

Solution: d)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 53

It’s manganese.

Solution: b)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 75

India is the second largest producer of cement in the world. No wonder, India’s cement industry is a vital part of its economy, providing employment to more than a million people, directly or indirectly. Ever since it was deregulated in 1982, the Indian cement industry has attracted huge investments, both from Indian as well as foreign investors.

https://www.ibef.org/industry/cement-india.aspx

(refer above website for latest data on India’s important industries)

Solution: c)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 84

As per NCERT, statement 1 is correct. Road density is also measured per 1000 sq km.

Kerala with a road network of 5,268.69 km per 1,000 sq km surpasses all other states while Tripura with a road density of 3,026.23 km per 1,000 sq km ranks second, as per figures of the year 2008 in economic survey 2011-12.

Solution: d)

Class X Geography, Chapter 1, Page 63

All are potential locations to generate tidal energy in India.

Total identified potential of Tidal Energy is about 9000 MW in West Coast Gulf of Cambay (7000 MW), Gulf of Kutch (1200 MW) and in East Coast the Ganges Delta in the Sunderbans in West Bengal for small scale tidal power development estimates the potential in this region to be about 100 MW.

• The total available potential of wave energy in India along the 6000 Km of India’s coast is estimated to be about 40,000 MW – these are preliminary estimates. This energy is however less intensive than what is available in more northern and southern latitudes.